不同干燥方法对玫瑰花瓣质量的影响

研究热风和微波真空干燥的玫瑰花瓣干燥特性曲线和温度变化,比较不同干燥方法对致瑰花辩干燥速率和品质的影响.结果袁明,热风干燥时间长达14h,对保持玫瑰花瓣的形状和颜色均一效果很差;微波真空干燥可以很好地保持玫瑰花瓣的形状和颜色,真空度越高,物料体内水分蒸腾而干燥的速度越快,物料温升越低;随着微波功率增加,干燥时间大大缩短...     

辣椒RAPD扩增体系的建立

[目的]为辣椒的品种资源鉴定与遗传多样性分析奠定基础。[方法]采用改良的CTAB法对辣椒叶片基因组DNA进行提取,并采用正交试验设计法对辣椒RAPD-PCR反应进行优化筛选。[结果]采用改良的CTAB法获得了高质量的辣椒基因组DNA,用Tris-平衡酚∶氯仿∶异戊醇（25∶24∶1,V∶V∶V）进行抽提,最后再用氯仿抽提以除去其中含有的酚,避免了对后续PCR扩增的影响。基于一般的RAPD反应程序和调整试验,优化了PCR反应体系。结果表明,在模板20 ng 1.5μl、引物（20μmol/L）1.5μl、dNTPs（2.5 mmol/L）2.2μl、10×Buffer缓冲液（含Mg2＋）2.5μl、Taq（5 U/μl）0.35μl条件下扩增效果较好。[结论]建立了最适的辣椒RAPD扩增体系。     

辣椒白粉病防治药剂筛选试验

2009年,引进50％醚菌酯干悬浮剂、25％乙嘧酚悬浮剂和世高3种新型药剂,对辣椒白粉病进行田间药效防治试验。试验结果表明,参试的几种药剂对防治辣椒白粉病都有明显效果,但以乙嘧酚500倍液和600倍液田间防效的持效性最长,药后10天防效还在80％以上,其他几种药剂和剂量的田间防效为70．77％～77．57％。     

砂田不同补水量对辣椒生长发育和产量的影响

[目的]探索砂田辣椒的适宜补水量。[方法]通过田间试验研究了不同补水量对砂田辣椒生长发育、水分利用效率（WUE）及产量的影响。[结果]随补水量的增加,辣椒的生育期延长,叶面积增加,株高增加,光合速率及蒸腾速率增加,补水量为225～375m^3/hm^2时达到最佳。WUE在补水量为225m3/hm2时达到最大,辣椒产量也随补水量的增加而增加,在补水量为375m3/hm^2时达到最大,此时产量为21000kg/hm^2,产值达到18000元/hm^2,比砂田西瓜高约10200元/hm^2。[结论]考虑到砂田补充水分的困难和水资源有限,认为砂田辣椒的补水量在300～375m^3/hm^2比较合适。     

含水量对谷物热传导性能的影响

[目的]提高谷物导热系数的测量精度。[方法]采用热线法分别测定4种不同含水率小麦、高粱、水稻、玉米的导热系数,并考察4种谷物含水率与其导热系数的关系。[结果]含水率对4种谷物热传导性能的影响规律基本一致,即各种谷物的导热系数均随含水率的升高而升高;在谷物含水率从5%～20%的变化过程中,小麦、高粱、水稻、玉米的导热系数分别提高了0.072、0.035、0.022、0.027W/（M.K）;4种谷物中,小麦含水率的变化对其导热性能的影响最大。[结论]采用热线法测定谷物导热系数具有简单、快捷、易操作等优点,该方法同样适用于测定其他颗粒材料的导热系数。     

水分胁迫下辣椒相关生理指标的变化研究

[目的]研究水分胁迫下辣椒（Capsicum annuum）相关生理指标的变化情况。[方法]利用夏季自然高温条件,对试验材料进行自然干旱处理,通过盆栽试验测定了不同水分胁迫条件下湘研20号辣椒叶片相对含水量、株高、叶绿素含量以及脯氨酸含量相关生理指标的变化。[结果]随水分胁迫时间的延长,供试辣椒小苗株高增长越缓慢,叶片相对含水量呈显著下降趋势,叶绿素含量呈明显下降趋势,而脯氨酸含量呈增加趋势。[结论]该研究可为辣椒水分管理奠定理论基础。     

小麦辣椒玉米套种的效应与栽培技术初报

陕西利用生物学互助的原理,研究成功麦、辣、玉三作物按4～5:2:0.5的行数比梯阶套种模式,既构建成功复合群体良好生育环境,又增收粮食4900～5200kg/hm2,辣椒干750kg/hm2,节约防病虫投入900～1200元/hm2,同时提出高效节本套种的五项关键栽培技术。     

高羊茅组织培养研究初报

MS lmg/L BA 1mg/L IBA和 MS 2mg/L 2, 4-D培养基可诱导高羊茅的幼穗、节外植体形成愈伤组织。 45℃热击处理 0.5～ 1h可促进高羊茅种子的萌发,但推迟萌发进程。 55℃热击 1h的发芽率最低,但其试管苗提前（培养2个月）进入幼穗分化阶段。     

Spatial preference heterogeneity in policies for improving urban green spaces

Urban green spaces (UGSs) enhance the quality of urban dwellers’ lives. Thus, efficient policies for improving UGSs—which should reflect urban residents’ needs—are necessary. Additionally, it is crucial to manage the spatial distribution of residents’ preferences to find regions that can produce greater utility within limited budgets. Using online surveys conducted in 2015, which obtained 414 valid responses, this study analyzed urban residents’ preferences for UGS improvement policies and investigated spatial preference heterogeneity for such policies in the planned city of Seongnam, South Korea. A mixed logit model was applied to analyze policy preferences, and the preference heterogeneity level was assessed by coefficient of variation. Additionally, hot spot analysis was performed to examine spatial heterogeneity. The Getis-ord Gi* was computed to identify the spatial clusters of the estimated coefficients and the marginal willingness to pay (WTP). The results indicated a high preference for enhancing quality and connectivity. While the results showed that preference heterogeneity existed in each UGS improvement policy, heterogeneity levels differed per attribute. Statistically significant local spatial clusters of estimated coefficients and marginal WTP were observed for each UGS improvement policy despite global autocorrelation being insignificant. It was observed that estimate coefficients with low coefficient of variation can make extensive spatial clusters; otherwise, the opposite trend might occur. Additionally, marginal WTP hot spots did not change according to attribute but appeared in similar locations. Therefore, spatial heterogeneity analysis is necessary to manage UGSs with higher net utilities given limited budgets. These findings will ensure the satisfaction of all urban residents by identifying their preferences for UGS policies. They will also help prioritize cost-effective implementation of policy considering spatial preference heterogeneity.     

Improved management of mango fruit though orchard and packinghouse treatments to reduce lenticel discoloration and prevent decay

Mango fruit are exposed to complex postharvest handling management, intended to improve postharvest quality retention during export shipment. Susceptibility to lenticel discoloration and to Alternaria side rots and Phomopsis stem-end rot under current handling conditions led us to re-evaluate and modify the chain of postharvest treatments, from the orchard to the packinghouse. The previously developed hot-water brushing (HWB) treatment was found effective in reducing incidence of Alternaria and stem-end rots, but it significantly induced development of red lenticels. Two factors were key to improving fruit quality, by simultaneously reducing lenticel discoloration and decay development: (a) postharvest water and/or NaOH washes in the orchard, and (b) hot-water spray (HWS) applied over rollers without brushes in the packinghouse. The present results indicate that optimal management involves combinations of water washes in the orchard with packinghouse HWS treatment; this significantly reduced the severity of lenticel discoloration by 50–60%, and the incidence and extent of postharvest side rots caused by Alternaria by 60% or more. These results indicate that appropriate handling of fruit can appreciably improve their quality during prolonged storage and shipment.